ZMFheadphones Caldera Closed

INTRODUCTION
I've owned quite a few high end planar headphones. The ones I kept are very dear to me: ZMF Ori; ZMF Caldera Open (CO); and Final D8000. I'm reasonably sure the best of the three overall is the CO. So I looked forward to reviewing the loaner burnt ash wood ("Shou Sugi Ban Ash") Caldera Closed (CC) with the 3 pad sets it shipped with. Thanks to Zach and ZMF for this loaner.


Over the years I heard 4 ZMF closed vs open, same-driver headphone pairs: Eikon/Auteur; Atticus/Aeolus; Verite Closed/Verite Open; Atrium Closed/Atrium Open. Each time I heard distinct sonic differences between them. That's what I expected to hear with the CC and CO -- but it didn't happen that way.

The Punch Line: I found the CC to sound strikingly similar to the CO … which means it sounds amazing, with the elevated sound quality one expects from a TOTL planar. Pad rolling seemed to make less of a difference on the CC than it did with the CO. I could happily live with any of the 3 pads discussed. Given how close the CC's sound is to the CO's, this link to my review of the CO offers greater detail on its sound than I'll go into here (the 3rd review listed): https://www.head-fi.org/showcase/zmfheadphones-caldera.26159/reviews

Physical Stuff:
At CanJam/NYC I tried both the burnt ash CC and the darker wood (stained maple) CC. I thought the darker wood helped blend the lines of the triangular top figure into the overall curve of the cup, so a darker wood would be my preference. But the "looks" issue faded away to nothing when I put the loaner on my head and listened to it. Like all the latest production ZMF headphones, I found the CC to be quite comfortable and easy to adjust. The other point I would make is that the CC earcups are somewhat deeper than the CO's, as shown here (both headphone with lambskin thick pads):



CC vs CO:
I outfitted each headphone with identical, high-quality OCC cables well known to me, the ForzaAudioWorks Noir HPC MK2. I then systematically compared them on 3 amps:

• Wells Audio Milo
• OG Violectric V281
• The loaner ZMF Aegis with stock tubes

Along the way I switched the CC from the stock pads to the Caldera perforated suedes to the Caldera Thick pads (comments below).

Results:
I began the serious listening by alternating my CO with lambskin thick pads vs the CC with stock pads on the Wells Milo, a powerful SS amp that's revealing as well as consistently musical.

Sensitivity: The most consistent sonic difference between these headphones was immediately apparent: the CO is louder at any given volume setting than the CC. At first I assumed this was due to their different pads, but the volume delta continued, albeit to a reduced degree, when I put lambskin thicks on the CC. This is somewhat mystifying given these headphones' identical specs:


Tone: I expected to hear a tonal mismatch between the CC and CO, given that the open has the mantle mesh plus the most musical (IMO) of the 4 pads sets I tried, the lambskin thicks. But the two headphones are very similar tonally, with one small caveat: the CC seems to have slightly more bass overall than the open. This difference is so slight that I couldn't tell whether it came via dynamics, reach into sub-bass, or both.

These headphones are very similar (nearly identical) in their excellent timbre, accurate and realistic, as well as their wide, precise soundstaging. Interestingly, I heard little if any cup resonance in the CC (another surprise). I would guess this consistency between models is due to the ADS.

Sonic memory (we know) is not trustworthy. But I'm reasonably sure the upper midrange and treble of the CO with stock pads were slightly hotter/peakier than the upper midrange and treble of the CC are with stock pads (which is interesting). The CC has a very musical, nuanced sound with the stock pads. No particular frequencies jump out. The sound is calm and composed until I push the volume (and then it slams). This is high-level planar sound: resolving, detailed, unfailingly musical.

Then I moved over to the OG V281. On the V281 the CC's bass is tight, powerful, dynamic, textured, and tonally ideal; the CC is a high resolution headphone and the bass is a good way to hear that. The CC may have a tiny bit more presence in the upper mids than the CO w/lambskin thick pads. Soundstaging is excellent, wide and deep. It's easy to hear exactly where the producer placed each voice and instrument in the mix.

On the V281 the CO's bass has slightly less punch that the CC's. Again, the CO was somewhat louder than the CC. The CO may have slightly less control (damping) than the CC; if so, it's subtle. The CO's soundstaging is slightly wider & deeper, also a bit more diffuse (I'm suspect that's due to the lambskin thick pads). The CO's bass is wonderful. Minor difference aside, both headphones excel in the bass.

Both headphone are very articulate and clean sounding with black backgrounds. It's easy to hear each instrument and voice; notes are precise and intelligible. No matter how dense the music mix becomes, these headphones sort it out perfectly. The Caldera sound, open and closed, is clear and expressive. With these jeadphones I'm never aware of the warm/cold tonal thing—just music hanging in aural space.

Next up: the ZMF Aegis (an exceptional amplifier). On the Aegis, I heard more clearly that the CC with stock pads has a slight elevation in the upper midrange than I heard the CO with stock pads. I think this is happening for 2 reasons:

1. Resolution: the ZMF Aegis is a high resolution amplifier. The Aegis may be showing me something about the CC w/stock pads that was less evident with other amps.
2. Synergy: In my review of the ZMF Aegis, I found some recordings (though not all) sounded relatively honest & revealing in the upper midrange. The CC with stock pads also sounds relatively honest in the upper mids, and this may be pushed forward more on the Aegis than other amps. If that's true, NOS tube rolling would almost certainly change it, perhaps a lot.

Then it was time for my first pad-roll on the CC: I switched from stock pads to the lambskin thicks and returned to the V281 for a comparison. The sonic results were very interesting.

• With lambskin thicks, the CC's volume is closer to CO's (also with lambskin thicks), though still slightly lower in level.
• Again, the sound of these headphones is very similar, yet not identical. The CC sounds a bit more controlled and damped than the CO—but this may be due to the volume difference, even after my attempts to equalize volumes. They both excel at conveying the tone and timbre of instruments and voices. They're both killer designs, high in resolution and musical realism.

I continue to suspect that the ADS is the great leveler here, making them both sound so close to each other. Then again, of the 4 other closed/open pairs I heard, one pair had the ADS (Atrium), and those sounded relatively different to me. So perhaps the ADS isn't the explanation for this.

Finally I went back to the Aegis. Here the CC's thick pads really did their magic trick. With the Aegis the CC's sound was a bit bassier and more atmospheric, while my ears seemed further away from the music. On this ideal amp/headphone combination, the CC and lambskin thicks gave me true sweet-spot sound

Finally, I switched the CC's pads to Caldera Suedes. These pads on the CC have a less dramatic effect than on the CO. On the CC, the main effects were a lessening of bass slam, depth and reach; and a slight but noticeable increase in upper midrange and treble. With suede pads, the volume disparity is back—the CO with thick pads takes less power to reach the same volume than the CC with suedes.

The suedes do have benefits: the CC's midrange sounds more immediate and closer to my ears than it does with the stock pads or the thicks. This midrange-forward effect can be quite pleasant with a headphone as resolving and tonally accurate as the CC. Some will prefer the suede pads. I could live with them quite easily, though I do prefer the thicks.

Overall, I found the sonic changes of pad rolling on the CC to be less dramatic than they were on the CO. The core sound of the CC never really changes, though one's spatial perspective and the impact in the bass and upper registers do change to a degree. As with the CO, my preferred pads for the CC are the lambskin thicks. But I could live with any of the three pads I tried.

CONCLUSION
Volume/sensitivity differences aside, the Caldera Closed and Caldera Open sound very much alike. The sonic differences are relatively minor. I'm not sure I could pass a blind listening test to distinguish one headphone from the other. In my opinion, their similarity is a very good thing. I love the sound of the Calera Open with the lambskin thick pads, and the Caldera Closed with the lambskin thicks is right up there with it. Indeed, I liked all three pads I tried on the Caldera Closed. For lovers of high-end planar sound, the Caldera platform offers an embarrassment of riches.

Disclaimer and intro

Zach Mehrbach, the founder and designer of ZMF has kindly lent me this Caldera Closed in exchange of my honest opinion.
Last year I reviewed the Caldera open and compared them to my Meze Elite. After spending months with both headphones, I fell in love with the Caldera open's rich, organic texture and dynamic, lively sound: I had to order my own pair.
Fast forward to May 2024, the closed version of the Caldera has just been released. I was really intrigued to hear and discover the differences. The question arose: would I like the closed version even more?


Burnt Ash (Shou Sugi Ban), one of the current stock woods.

Closed-back headphones in general and thoughts on other ZMF models

I will be upfront; in general, I really dislike closed-back headphones. I see them as a necessary compromise, in case someone does not have access to the 'full package' of open-back headphones and needs isolation. My experience is when we close the back of the headphones, we lose a serious amount of airiness, space and naturalness. Furthermore, designers face an awful lot of challenges to direct airflow, reverb and cup reflections versus the natural airflow open cups offer by nature. This often results in odd sounding headphones: claustrophobic soundstage, poor instrument separation, boxy treble, hollow midrange, over-damped or too bright sound. Even headphones like the Denon D9200, Audeze, HiFiMan, Focal or Sennheiser closed-backs are not free form some of these problems.
I admit, I am more sensitive to their shortcomings and more critical with closed-back headphones than the average consumer: for me closed-back headphones have always been the 'necessary bad'.



Zach has developed a unique and original, patented airflow and damping system. Here you can read about it in more details, but to sum-up the result: ZMF closed-back headphones sound the most natural to me out of all closed-backs I have heard. When listening to ZMF closed-backs, I do not feel I have to make terrible compromises or that, there is something really off with the sound. ZMF is the only brand whose closed-backs I am actually able to enjoy. That said, I still prefer the open counterparts of all ZMF models, but the difference between them is not as enormous as it is with other brands.

As many of you already know, Zach started out with Fostex T50RP modifications, which are planar headphones. Then he went on a different journey and developed several models with dynamic drivers. Since the very beginnings, he had a 'super planar' in mind which manifested in the Caldera open in late 2022. This is a completely in-house design from scratch, even the transducers are designed and developed, built by ZMF. (They have patent pending on their magnet structure.)


While I tried all ZMF models at different auditions and shows, the first pair I bought was the Caldera open.

Dynamic driver ZMF headphones almost have a cult-like following, and I am saying this the kindest possible way. Many people religiously love the synergy of high impedance ZMF dynamic headphones and OTL tube amps and I can clearly see why. There is some organic, thick, warm, lifelike and musical, engaging, euphonic magic going on between tubes and dynamic ZMF headphones.

I come from the planar world, mostly owned Audeze, Final and Meze headphones before the Caldera. To me personally the Caldera open is the best ZMF. They are special in the sense that the advantages of dynamic headphones and planar transducers somehow meet in one chassis. The Calderas (both of them) have a natural, organic tonality and thickness, richness that is often associated with dynamic drivers, yet they have the technical edge of planar transducers: enhanced speed, extension, clarity, detail retrieval, resolution. To my ears the Calderas offer the best of both worlds.

Some say, the Caldera deviates the most from the original ZMF house sound. I tend to agree, if under deviation we mean improved clarity, relative neutrality and higher level of technicalities. Still, the organic ZMF signature sound is absolutely there, and that is why I fell in love with my Caldera open.



User-tuneable headphones

ZMF is also famous for its highly user-tuneable headphones. You can tune the sound to your liking with several ear-pad options and damping meshes. It is not uncommon to have 8-12 different tuning options with certain models. These meshes and ear-pads can truly change the sound, so experimenting is highly recommended if you feel the headphones are good, just 'not quite there'. I am almost certain, that with some patience you will be able to find your 'yes, that is it!' combination.
The Caldera closed comes with a thick mesh and hybrid pads as stock. The tuning kit I have here includes another, thinner felt mesh and three more ear-pads; full leather (protein), full suede and thick leather.


Caldera closed with the thinner black felt and Caldera open without any mesh or felt. They both have carbon fibre rings.

On my open Caldera I tried five different ear-pads and settled down with the thick leather pads with no mesh. These pads tame the upper-mid/lower-treble forwardness just enough for long-term listening and slightly emphasise bass, plus smooth out treble a bit. Thick pads on the Caldera open are ever so slightly warmer to the more neutral stock option, but to my ears it is a welcome adjustment to the energetic and dynamic, yet most organic sounding king of planars.

I will come back to the tuning options of the Caldera closed a little later.

A few words on comfort, weight and build

ZMF headphones are a feast for the ears and for the eyes. The individually crafted wooden cups are simply gorgeous; like a musical instrument made for order. Weight can vary a lot depending on the wood type, but Calderas tend to hover between 470g-600g. To my surprise, there is no difference between the weight of open and closed Calderas. I would have thought the full wood cups of the closed version weigh more, but the stock Ash closed Caldera I have is 510g which is significantly lighter than my open-back black&white ebony Caldera with its 560g. Open-back Calderas can go down to 470g with redwood cups and magnesium chassis, and on the other end of the spectrum you have the stabilised and hard-wood versions around 600g.



The weight alone should not scare away any customers, as weight distribution and comfort are top notch. There are plenty of options to add more padding to the headband and buy the lighter magnesium chassis. My open Caldera has the 'BBB strap' which is the simplest and most subtle headband upgrade: a wider leather strap under the headband improving weight distribution. The demo Caldera closed does not have the BBB strap, it came with the basic stock headband. I have to say, thanks to this $59 addition, my 50g heavier open Caldera feels significantly more comfortable than the stock closed pair. After a while I feel the weight of the closed Caldera more, than I do with my own open Calderas. Clamping force is also stronger on the closed version, I am not sure if this is to balance the effects of the simpler headband or these headphones are just less worn in.

My point is, I would highly recommend the BBB straps to anyone who considers a purchase. My previous daily drivers before the Caldera were the Meze Elites, which are true comfort kings. Even after the Elites (430g) I have no weight or comfort issues at all with my 560g ebony Calderas.



I cannot miss mentioning the unique shape of the ear-cups. These asymmetrical dips and dives are not only aesthetic design elements, but they also serve a sonic purpose inside the cups and contribute to achieving a relatively lighter physical weight.
I applause, when a manufacturer dares to be different, and for me this unique design is an absolute hit; I love it. I read different opinions from people who cannot get their head around not having the same round cups like on any other headphones, but hey, more talk means more marketing.

Where is the Caldera positioned on the market from a sonic perspective

Since I have a Caldera open as my daily driver, I am clearly biased, but will try to bring in some objective insights. These observations are true for both the open and closed models, I will go into the differences between them a little later.
I owned many nice headphones and extensively auditioned flagships I did not own.
I usually gravitate towards planar headphones, as I really enjoy their speed, clarity, linear bass that effortlessly extends down to 20Hz and so on. At the same time, I prefer a thicker, slightly warmer, more euphonic and natural sound as opposed to neutral and analytical perfection. For these reasons I picked Audeze, Final and Meze planars as opposed to the thinner and more diffuse sounding but arguably more 'technical' offerings from HiFiMan for example.

In my opinion the Caldera is the most organic and natural sounding planar with the best timbre, texture and bass slam I have heard so far. They are not as detailed as a well-driven Susvara can be, but they are not far off and sound meatier. The soundstage is not as big as it is on the Meze Elite, but the ZMF flagships separate even better. Bass can be pretty much equally good as it is on the Abyss 1266, but with ZMF's more organic flavour and more alive midrange. The Final D8000 series are also wonderful headphones, but for me the Caldera once again has better dynamic range and a uniquely appealing, organic aliveness.



Caldera closed versus Caldera open sound

After discussing open versus closed design in general and where I think the Calderas stand on today's market, let's look into comparing these two models directly.

At my very first listen of the Caldera closed I was more surprised about the differences than struck by the similarities. Of course, the same Caldera sound is preserved in the closed cups, but to me these headphones feel more like cousins and not siblings. As mentioned earlier, I do not feel the serious compromises with ZMF closed-backs that I feel with other closed-back headphones; the sound is still natural, not congested or limited in any sense. Yet, in direct comparison the end of the soundstage bubble on the closed Caldera is palpable, while the open model sounds, well, more open and airier without the sense of a finite background. When listening to the closed version only, this space limitation is not bothering at all, yet in direct comparison to the Caldera open, becomes apparent.

Another thing that was instantly obvious is the warmer and softer tuning of the closed version versus the more neutral/slightly brighter and more dynamic sounding open-back wooden beauty. There is no better or worse here, just different which I think will divide the audience more or less equally.


Natural imperfections often enhance beauty.

Zach said, he tunes the closed-back versions of his headphones a little warmer on purpose: closed-backs tend to sound brighter and sharper, therefore more damping needs to be applied. This results in a warmer (and apparently softer) sound versus the open versions. There are many people, who absolutely love this warmer and softer approach: after all most ZMF headphones are tuned like this to smaller or larger extent. For example, fans of the Atrium, who found the Caldera open too bright and energetic, will most likely welcome the more familiar tuning of the Caldera closed with its softer treble and warmer overall tone.
On the other side of the coin, those who love the Caldera open for its supreme dynamics, detail retrieval, energy and impact might find it slightly disappointing that the closed Caldera will not offer the familiar, punchy fun to the same extent. Do not get me wrong, the Caldera closed still retains the fabulous tonality of the well-known ZMF Caldera sound, but inevitably it is wrapped into some damping material which will round off those dynamic edges and tame the overall energy of the open version.

To me, as someone who generally dislikes closed headphones, this is still an acceptable compromise which says a lot about Zach's patented air flow/damping system. I could live with the Caldera closed, but to me it is still a 'B variant' of the original which I would only use if I needed isolation.
The sound is wonderful, just not as open, not as airy as the first iteration. With this necessary damping we also seem to lose a few percentages of details and clarity compared to the open version: not much, but a noticeable amount.

This is a common theme throughout the frequency spectrum, so I won't go into too many details regarding bass, mids and treble. The closed version of the Caldera is smoother, warmer, slightly darker, less dynamic and a little less detailed than its open counterpart. Bass is still fabulous, just not as snappy and punchy. In stock form you get more mid-bass quantity, but clarity, precision, speed and impact are superior on the open version. Vocals are more forward on the open Caldera, a little further away in the closed model. Mids in general are more pronounced on the open, and slightly more recessed on the closed pair. This gives a modest sense of V-shape curve versus the opens. I would not call the Caldera closed V-shaped in general, but in direct comparison to some extent they appear to be.
Those, who found the Caldera open treble too bright or too energetic, will love the softer and easier treble tuning of the closed version. Those, who love the open version, might miss the bite, dynamics and energy that they are used to.

I personally miss the outstanding dynamics, clarity, slightly better technicalities and liveliness of my open Caldera. This is why I was trying to tune the closed-back version closer to my open pair, using the available ear-pads and meshes.



Earpads and meshes

As of now, the Caldera closed comes with the thick mesh installed and the hybrid pads on. I think, the hybrid pads are a good choice for stock pads, as they are the most balanced out of the four. The hybrids have relatively good bass focus, but also sound airy and natural in the upper-mids/treble. The leather (protein) pads improve bass focus, speed up transients, give more energy to the attack. In other words, you get a more focused and punchier bass, but at the small price of a slightly less open upper frequency range.
The suede pads are great choice for mid-centric music, vocals are the nicest and most natural on these pads. Bass and treble however become too soft and loose to my liking, lacking dynamics to make EDM enjoyable.
Hybrids are the 'in-between' solutions, but I personally love the attack and punchiness of the protein pads, so I am willing to make the compromise of a slightly less airy treble.
With the thick pads I liked the bass and treble response, but for me they suck out mids too much. Vocals are not just more distant, but also become a little bit hollow to my liking.



I personally found the stock felt mesh a little too much as front damping. To me these make the sound slightly too thick and warm. I prefer the thinner mesh, as they add a bit of brightness to the treble.
Not using a mesh at all just makes the sound too bright, falling out of balance: a mesh is necessary, but for me the thinner one is enough.
With the thin mesh and leather pads I was able to bring out the best slam, most focused bass and quickest attack from the Caldera closed. This is the closest I was able get to the open Caldera's dynamics.
The open version still sounds more natural, airier, quicker, more detailed and more energetic, but with the above-described tuning combination I felt I am not losing out too much on dynamics.

Other enthusiasts will love the increased warmth and smoothness of the closed Caldera with stock thick mesh and different ear-pads. Diversity makes the world a beautiful place and the huge variety of ZMF tuning options really widen the potential audience of these wonderful headphones.

Gear used

EverSolo DMP-A6 (streamer only), Holo Cyan 2 R2R DAC, Flux Mentor, Schiit Mjolnir 3, Cayin HA-3A (Bendix 6V6, E80CC).

Out of these three wonderful amplifiers I personally prefer the Cayin. The Mjolnir 3 brings out the most outstanding bass slam, but it lacks resolution and refinement in the upper frequencies compared to the other two amplifiers. The Mentor is refined and highly detailed, but for my personal taste lacks the life that tubes breath into vocals and acoustic instruments. The Calderas are happy on both solid state and transformer coupled tube amps; you just have to pick the correct tubes for a smashing bass experience. (OTL tube amps need to be avoided with low impedance planars.)



Finishing thoughts

The Caldera closed did not change my perception of closed versus open headphones. Still, I think currently these headphones are amongst the best three closed backs on Earth. Which are the other two? In my opinion they are the Verité closed, and Atrium closed. The ranking between these three will be completely subjective. For me personally, the Caldera closed are the best closed-back headphones I have heard to date.
If I needed sound isolation, ZMF would be my go-to brand, but luckily, I am able to use open headphones all the time; therefore, I will stick with my beautiful open Calderas for now. My choice does not change the fact that Zach has just put down yet another masterpiece on the lavish table of the world's audiophiles.

The Caldera Closed = Emotive Clarity!



Caldera Closed in Shedua Wood!

The Lineage:

The Caldera Closed (CC) has the Caldera Open (CO) lineage and the ZMF overall house sound. That is a good thing in my opinion. But the CC has its own magic that I sure enjoy.

Along with Planar clarity. the emotions are visceral with the CC. The ZMF emotions of the notes comes first and foremost before the clarity with the Caldera Closed.



From memory the Caldera Closed and the Caldera Open:

From memory the CC is darker than the CO. I spent many hours with my CO but had to sell my CO, Susvara and Utopia OG because I was barely getting any open back listening time due to when I listen and the need to not bleed sound or there was too much ambient noise. Even the air conditioner going on and off bothered me with open back HPs.

Burn In:

I am not sure if it is burn in or brain burn but it took about 60 hours of burn in and 10 hours of listening for me to become buddy buddy with the CO. I am hearing it as balanced in signature. Neither the bass (Atrium Closed for example) nor the treble (CO for example) are the stars. They play a great role along with the mids. I cannot handle V shaped IEMs nor HPs. I am not hearing a V shape. The vocals are present and accounted for in a great way.

This is the first time that I have recommended burning a HP or IEM in before making judgement.

Amps:

I do hear an obvious difference when running the CC with Holo Bliss versus with Ferrum Oor/Hypsos stack. Oor is using Holo May L2 with a Khozmo Passive Pre and Bliss is using May KTE with Serene. Oor gives the CC more clarity and intensity. Too much intensity at first but now with burn in/brain burn it is just right. Bliss provides CC with more warmth and texture (darkness).




ZMF Camps of sound:

I did an Atticus/Eikon Review awhile back. The Caldera Closed is bringing back memories of that review. I have owned every ZMF headphone except for the Bokeh.

I find that the ZMF house sound is all the way through all HPs. I also would like to amuse myself and overgeneralize and say that the ZMF HPs fall into two camps: There is the first camp of increased detail, clarity and a slight sub bass bump of the Eikon/Auteur and Atrium Closed and Open. The second camp is made up of higher resolution and fun with darkness and a slight mid bass bump. Camp two is made up of the Atticus/Aeolus and Verite Closed and Open.

The open and closed of each version stay within one of those camps which makes sense. The closed and open versions have the same exact driver.

For me the Caldera Open and Closed are the first ZMF headphones that do not stay within the same camp. From memory for me the Caldera Open was about the clarity and detail. Very quick. I also had the Audeze LCD 5 at the same time as the Caldera Open and the Caldera did lean (not all the way thankfully) in the direction of the LCD 5 intenseness and clarity of notes.

For me on the other hand the Caldera Closed is in the resolution/darkness and fun camp. That said of course the CC being a Planar driver has for sure a good amount of clarity and detail. What is unique with the CC is that it really has a wonderful “fun” sound for being planar.

I am guessing that ZMF played around with the tuning of the CC to be able to add some fun darkness which the CO has less of.




The Caldera Closed and the Dan Clark Audio Expanse:

I mentioned before that the CC gives off a Verite Closed vibe which I will write about later in the review. The CC also gives off some DCA Expanse vibe. The Expanse is considered an open back HP but I would call it a semi open back HP. It attenuates about 1/2 to 2/3 of the background noise most likely due to its tuning system (AMTS). The same goes for how much noise bleeds out of the Expanse. So, I treat it more like a closed back HP.

They both are planar so the amount of detail retrieval with both is excellent. They are both fast. They both have the darkness and the fun factor and mid bass vs. sub bass focus. The resolution of both come to the forefront. The notes of both linger a little bit to help feel the emotions of the notes.

CC is easier to drive. Expanse needs a really strong system to shine. The DCA Stealth and Expanse, just like the Hifiman Susvara really need good systems to shine. They can sound very lifeless otherwise. With Caldera Closed I think it does not need a system built around it to show what it is made of.

Caldera Closed notes are closer to you in your head. The Expanse notes are a little further out there in space. CC is less dark sounding due to being closer in your head.

The Caldera Closed wins out in the “it makes my toes tap when I put them on” category.







Caldera Closed and Atrium Closed:

Song: Dreams by Fleetwood Mac (2002 Remaster). The very first thing that jumps out to me is that the sub bass of the Atrium Closed (AC) is more pronounced. The CC is more mid bass focused but the bass blends in super well with everything else. The treble is a little more pronounced on the CC. By a little and of no concern of being too much at any point like some feel with the Caldera Open.

The CC needed the volume turned up a little bit compared to the AC. The CC preferred being on Lo Impedance and AC Hi impedance when using the Holo Bliss. That is to be expected due to their driver make up. With Low impedance the AC bass became a little less clean and the treble became a little too much. With High impedance the CC bass became a little dead and the treble less clean.

I really am not hearing a difference in the mids other than basic Planar versus DD sound. Thank you ZMF for keeping the ZMF mids on both extremely special.

Miles Davis, My Funny Valentine (Live Version 1964): The is where the Planar of the CC shows its stuff. Picking up minute details of each instrument. Rather impressive. With AC I am listening to the whole song as one. With CC, I am picking up the details in space.

With CC leaning in the direction of a DD in resolution and musicality, the differences between the two are not massive. The gestalt of the AC shows its stuff though. The big picture of the music. The CC also does that but has the Planar ability of increased clarity and detail. The rumble down under with the AC is very apparent. Not annoyingly but in a good way. That brings the center point for me with the AC in the mid to lower mid-section.

With the mid bass and Treble being prevalent with the CC, the center point for me is the mid to upper mid-section. Hence, most likely the reason I am not able to point out massive differences with the mids of the two. Both mids are excellent. I am not able to tolerate a V shape for very long. I am not hearing a V shape with either of these HPs.

I am guessing over time; I would reach for the CC for either super-fast stuff like Metallica or for slower music with fewer instruments like Modal Jazz or Trio Jazz or simple Folk music. I would reach for AC for all music in-between. Your standard rock bands like Tom Petty for example. Both HPs of course could easily overlap in both directions.

For me the AC has a more intimate soundstage. The venue is a little smaller and I am closer to the stage. The CC has a little bigger stage and I am a few rows back. For closed back HPs, I find no issue with the staging. I do not find either closed in which is an impressive feat by ZMF.

I do not think you could go wrong with either the Caldera Closed or Atrium Closed. Nor could you go wrong with both.




Caldera Closed and Verite Closed

In general, the Caldera Closed comes across as more balanced. Everything is equal. Smooth and fast. With a tinge of darkness.

The Verity Closed (VC) on the other hand has the midbass bump and a treble bump. Mids are not recessed but bass and treble are a tiny bit more elevated. There is a darker fun going on with VC. CC has a dark fast fun.

It is like ZMF wanted a fast dark DD with great resolution with the VC. And with the CC they wanted a fast dark Planar with great resolution. The only difference in those superlatives are “DD” and “Planar.”

The stage of the CC is wider than VC in my opinion. VC is closer to the stage. The notes are closer with the VC but there is still this 3D thing going on. CC is more left to right and wider and sitting further back from the stage. And of course, the notes are faster with CC as to be expected.

VC likes to get right to the point. Minimal foreplay. With CC the foreplay is a little longer. Both are a joy. There is just a different way of getting to the apex with each.


Pad Rolling:

Comparing 3 pads:
Caldera hybrid pads which will be the stock pads.
Caldera all leather thick pads
Bokeh protein thin bads
I first went from the Caldera stock hybrid pad to the Caldera all leather thick pad. What I noticed is an overall increase in the thickness of the notes with the thick pads. From low frequency to the mids to the high frequency range. It is not better or worse but is for sure discernably different. This increase in thickness could most likely be called an increase in resolution. The drawback would be a decrease in clarity and speed.

I have always preferred the stock pads on all the ZMF HPs versus other options I have tried with each HP. But with the Caldera Closed my personal preference are the thick pads. It is wonderful to have choices.

Protein Bokeh thin pads: The protein pads sure brought the planar into the planar. The increase in clarity and quickness is very apparent. And an increase in sub bass. Very interesting. I am getting more of a Caldera Closed vibe with the thin Protein pads and less of the Verite Closed vibe as with the all leather thick pads. The stock hybrid pads are right in-between those two in sound.



Conclusion:

I am extremely impressed with the ZMF lineup. Each of these high end ZMF headphones compete with other top tier HPs. None of the ZMF top tier HPs is an improvement over the other. Each offers a quality good time with many climaxes in store.

The Caldera Closed sound is an amalgamation of the emotive qualities of a dynamic driver headphone and the clarity of a planar magnetic headphone. That is what makes the Caldera Closed special and very unique.